Sonnet=14 line lyric poem focused on a single theme.
2 major types of sonnets:
Italian/Petrarchan= 8 + 6 (an octave and a sestet)
Wyatt studied under Petrarch and introduced sonnet form to England.--First important poet of the English Renaissance.
English/Shakespearean= 3 quatrains and a concluding couplet. Shakespearean sonnets employ iambic pentameter.
Edmund Spenser--wrote sonnet sequence
called "Amoretti" --means "little love poems"
Sonnet sequence--a collection of poems related by theme
Paradox--a statement that is true although it appears to be false.
Other kinds of meter:
2 feet= dimeter
3 feet= trimeter
4 feet= tetrameter
5 feet= pentameter
6 feet= hexameter
Carpe Diem--"Seize the Day"
Examples: Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" and Herrick's "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time"
Raleigh's "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" = refutation of carpe diem philosophy.
Both "Passionate Shepherd" and "Nymph's Reply" are pastoral poems--poetry characterized by an idyllic country setting. They are literally "shepherd poems."
Cavalier poetry--also called the "tribe of Ben." Modeled themselves after Ben Jonson. Cavalier poetry is characterized by its light,smooth,and amorous tone. Most of them are love poems, but many are far more sexual than love sonnets. Celebrate the brevity of life.
Metaphysical poetry--highly intellectual; use of metaphysical conceits; extensive use of paradox; usually didn't have a consistenet rhyme scheme or meter.
In "To His Coy Mistress," Marvell uses the sun to signify death's approach and the passage of time.
Metaphysical conceit--especially complex figure of speech that makes a surprising connections between two seemingly dissimilar things.
"Death Be Not Proud" by John Donne--understand the paradox at the end of the poem.
April 16th--Make sure you have read pp. 232-235. Answer questions on p. 236 ("The Passionate Sheperd" and "The Nymph's Reply")
April 9/10-Read pp. 193-212 in your literature book. We will have a reading check.
April 1/2
Make sure you have read "The Pardoner's Tale" and "The WOB's Tale."
Vocabulary quizzes will be on Thursday for A-Day, and Friday for B-Day.
Canterbury Tales material for test:
Canterbury Tales Notes
Know your pilgrims--general descriptions, etc.
Commericialization of Interest
Frame Story
Relative Morality
Exemplum
Beast Fable/Mock Epic
Estates Satire
Heroic couplet
Influences of Chaucer
Concept of physiognomy
Concept of the 4 humours
Orignal plan for the Tales, how many pilrims, time of year, etc.
What language did Chaucer write CT in?
Know the different types of irony
Know why Chaucer is considered the "Father of English Literature" (see below)
Which tale would you consider feminist? Which tale would you consider anti-feminist?
--In Chaucer's time period, people valued spirtual life more highly than material existence.
--Languages used for literature, science, and religiton==Latin or French
--Chaucer wrote CT in the vernacular--the everyday language of London.
--Chaucer made English "respectable." Called the Father of English poetry
--Introduced iambic pentameter to England
--CT is important because it's the best surviving description of Middle Age people and life.
--CT is an Estates Satire-an analysis of society in terms of its hierarchy. Each class or profession is described to show how it fails the ideal.
--Chaucer mastered French, Latin, and German
--Died in 1400-buried in Poet's Corner at Westminster Abbey.
Spring Break Assignment:
Read the prologue to Canterbury Tales. (I believe that it begins on page 100 in your literature book.)
Finish your Canterbury Tales character chart. The handouts I gave you on Thursday and Friday should help you quite a bit.
You are also responsible for reading "The Pardoner's Tale," "The Wife of Bath's Tale," and the "Nun's Priest's Tale." TPT and TWOBT are in your literature book. I ran off TNPT for you.
You'll have a quiz on the characters when we return from the break.
Have a fun break! Don't wait until the last minute to read all of this.
3rd 9 wks test:
15--Anglo-Saxon Lit./Historical Background
15--Medieval Romance/Historical Background
10--Verb Tense
20--Sub/Verb Agreement
15--pronoun case
5--verb voice (active vs. passive)
You have copies of your old tests. The notes from Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Lit. are still on schoolnotes. Just keep scrolling down.
Canterbury Tales Notes
--In Chaucer's time period, people valued spirtual life more highly than material existence.
--Languages used for literature, science, and religiton==Latin or French
--Chaucer wrote CT in the vernacular--the everyday language of London.
--Chaucer made English "respectable." Called the Father of English poetry
--Introduced iambic pentameter to England
--CT is important because it's the best surviving description of Middle Age people and life.
--CT is an Estates Satire-an analysis of society in terms of its hierarchy. Each class or profession is described to show how it fails the ideal.
--Chaucer mastered French, Latin, and German
--Died in 1400-buried in Poet's Corner at Westminster Abbey.
Feb. 20/21--Make sure you have read La Morte D'Arthur. Also, make sure you have finished your pentangle/knightly virtues handout. I have posted the outline for the Middle Ages below. Feel free to print it.
The Middle Ages 1066-1485
The Norman Conquest
Normans—descendants of the Vikings who had invaded the coast of France in the 9th c.
William, duke of Normandy, had ties to English King, Edward the Confessor.
Edward died; Harold II chosen as English King
William asserted his claim to the English throne by defeating Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. (1066)
William the Conqueror
Suppressed Anglo-Saxons
Commissioned writing of the Domesday Book
Domesday Book—record of great inventory of England—similar to our modern-day census.
System of order—exchange of property for personal service.
Chivalry
Set of standards that knights strove to attain
Most common—Courage, Justice, Mercy, Generosity, Faith, Nobility, Hope
Courtly Love
Originated in the religious cult of the Virgin Mary
Revering and acting in the name of a lady
In its ideal form—
non-sexual
Chivalry and courtly
love gave rise to new
form of literature—
the romance
Women in Medieval Society
No political rights
Social standing depended upon husband’s social status
Peasant women had an
especially hard life.
Courtly love did not really
improve the status of
women.
Shift in the Language
Change from Old to Middle English attributed to Norman invasion
Normans believed themselves to be superior to Anglo-Saxons
Evidence of this still exists: domestic animals called by their Saxon names. When served as entrees, the same animal is referred to by its French name.
Ex: swine=pork, sheep=mutton, ox=beef
This bias continued until The Hundred Years War, when anti-French sentiment encouraged people to embrace English.
The Crusades
G rowth of Towns
Towns increasingly important in English life
Crusades had stimulated trade, resulting in large, European trading centers
Largest in England—London
People begin to organize themselves into guilds—organizations similar to modern-day unions
Growth of towns=spread of wealth to more classes. Money was no longer restricted to the nobility.
Feudalism began to die.
The Black Death
Henry II
Founder of the royal house of Plantagenet English monarchs
Often in conflict with the Church
Appointed his friend, Thomas Becket to the position of archbishop of Canterbury in hopes to have some power over the church.
Becket instead sided with the Pope.
The Martyrdom of Thomas Becket
Henry II outraged
that Becket did not
comply
Henry’s knights
misunderstood his
anger and took it
upon themselves to
rid Henry of Becket.
Went to Canterbury
and murdered Becket in
the Cathedral
The Magna Carta
Next king, Richard I, spent most of his reign organizing costly military campaigns
His successor, King John, inherited the debt.
John attempted to raise money by ordering new taxes.
People of England revolted
To avert further trouble, John signed the Magna Carta at Runymede in 1215. The Magna Carta is the basis for constitutional government.
The Hundred Years War
England against France
Based on claims to the French throne by English kings—Edward III and Henry V
Unsuccessful for English
Very important for development of English identity
Feb. 11--3rd block final papers are due. You will have a grammar test next class on pronoun usage. Also, read part one of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
Feb. 12--5th block final papers and visual aids are due. You will have a grammar test next class on pronoun usage. Also, read part one of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
Feb. 13/14
Make sure that you have finished your Middle Ages study guide. You also have a pronoun test. (ch. 17 in your workbook) Also, make sure you have read part one of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight--161-165.
Feb. 5/6
HW due--Who vs. Whom; Beowulf part 2 questions
Remember, you also have a vocabulary quiz.
Make sure you have your purple lit book with you in class.
Feb. 7/8
Anglo-Saxon Lit. test
Anglo-Saxon Literature
Lyric Poetry
Poetry developed and passed on by scops, poet singers.
Eventually, some oral literature was written down.
Lyric poetry expresses intense personal emotions.
Poetry is usually highly elegiac in tone. (an elegy is a poem that mourns the death of a person or laments something.
Poetic techniques
Regular rhythm
Alliterative
Use of kennings
Use of variation throughout poetry
“The Wanderer”
Theme of exile—separation or banishment from one’s native country.
Especially poignant given Anglo-Saxons fierce loyalty to their lord and mead-hall.
Review: Characteristics of an Epic Hero
1. Of high social rank or born to upper class
2. Is significant and glorified
3. Is often prominent in history, legend, folklore, or myth
4. Has superior strength, intelligence, or courage
5. Has supernatural help
6. Risks death for glory or the greater good
7. Performs deeds of great skill and courage
8. Is a strong and responsible leader
9. Exhibits important values, ideals, and ethics
Anglo-Saxon History
Great Britain invaded by the Iberians, Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Vikings, and the Normans
Celtic beliefs—animism
Romans importance—roads, walls, first evidence of Christianity
Anglo-Saxons
Gave name to modern-day England
Ruled by a king; thanes very loyal to king
Everything thought to be determined by an impersonal fate
Ephemeral nature of life
Warfare part of everyday life
Common themes in Anglo-Saxon Lit.
Respect for authority
Disdain for personal wealth
Fear/Terror of Northern winter
Transitory nature of human existence
Reverent fear of the sea
4 types of Literature
Epic poetry
Lyric poetry
History (Venerable Bede)
Riddles
Venerable Bede
Anglo-Saxons were also men of learning
Most learned and industrious writer of the whole period
Author of A History of the English Church and People
Regarded as “the father of English history”
Alfred the Great
Unified the Anglo-Saxons by forming truce with the Danes
Formulated code of laws
Fostered rebirth of religious and scholarly activity.
Promoted use of English instead of Latin
Responsible for the initiation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Other Things You Should Know:
Wyrd
Kenning
Scop
Wergild
Litotes
Contrast of Christian and pagan
Caesura—natural pause or break in a line of poetry (See “The Wanderer”)
Monday, Jan. 28/Tuesday, Jan. 29
Make sure you have read pp. 2-16 in your purple lit. book.
HW (for Jan. 30/31)—read until section 11; study for vocabulary quiz
Outside Reading for 3rd 9 wks.--The Once and Future King by T.H. White. Start NOW!
Research deadlines--
A-Day--Jan. 22
B-Day--Jan. 23
You must submit your rough draft electronically via turnitin.com the night before you turn it in to me. We will discuss how to do this in class.
On the day your rough draft is due, you must have your corrected source/note cards, any internet material printed, title page, outline, actual paper with citations, and a works cited page. Try to do a little at a time so that you don't get overwhelmed.
You'll be receiving your Jan./Feb calendar as soon as I can get it to you!
We will be taking a practice English II assessment when you get back from the short break. Bring a pencil.
Friday, Jan. 25 you will be starting our unit on Angl-Saxon literature.
Nov. 26-30--in library--research papers. Keep up with your deadlines for notecards/sourcecards. Refer to your handouts.
Nov. 15/16--Test on Everyman/Medieval Drama
Nov. 9th--Final draft of essay is due.
Rough draft of essay due Mon/Tuesday
Prompt 1:
Imagine that you have been asked to give a speech and that the whole world will be your audience. Write about the topics you would include in your speech. Be sure to give specific examples and details.
Prompt 2:
Think of some products you consider useful that you use almost everyday. Write about why these products are useful. Be sure to support your essay with details.
Outside reading--Watership Down
Oct. 30/31--Vocabulary quiz 7
Antigone/Greek drama test.
Oct. 24/25
Grammar WB--88 and 89
Oct. 18/19 Phrases test. Be able to identify and construct infinitive, participial, gerund, appositive, adverbial, and adjectival phrases.
Oct. 22/23
Vocabulary quiz--flashcards are at top of website!
Sept. 7/10
HW--Finish "Contents of the Dead Man's Pockets" and read "Shaving" for HW.
Vocabulary quiz
Sept. 11/12
Essays due--Think of a time when you felt "grown-up" in some way. Write about the event that made you feel as if you were older. Make sure that the essay is NARRATIVE!!
Start reading "Beware of the Dog" Finish for HW.
Read "By the Waters of Babylon" for HW. Make sure you complete Ex. 1 and 5 in your grammar book. (Chapter 438 and 444.) Also, make sure that you complete the story outline for "Beware of the Dog"
Sept. 13/14
Discussion of BOTD and BTWOB. Begin "Masque of the Red Death"
Sept. 17/18
Vocabulary Quiz 4
Close Reading of "By the Waters of Babylon" questions
Ex. 12 and 14 in your grammar book. (p. 454 and 458)
Read "The Masque of the Red Death"
Sept 19/20
Read "A Visit to Grandmother"
Be ready for test on Sentence structure
Make sure you have your copy of ASP by the 21st (A-Day) or the 24th (B-Day)
Finish MOTRD questions
Sept. 24/25
Short Story test
Read Chapters 1-4 of A Separate Peace
Sept. 26/27
Vocabulary Quiz 5 (review of lists 1-4)
Phrases
Make sure you have read chapters 5-8of ASP
Vocabulary List #1
Futile--producing no result or effect
Abstract—lacking substance; theoretical
Obscure--not clearly understood or expressed; To conceal one's self; to hide; to keep dark
Impartial--showing lack of favoritism; neutral; without bias
Discriminate--recognize or perceive the difference; to differentiate
Revere--to respect deeply; to honor greatly
Denounce--speak out against
Temperate--free from extremes; mild; moderate
Apathy--an absence of emotion or enthusiasm
Candid--honest; straightforward; open; frank
Discernment--understanding: the cognitive condition of someone who understands; ability to see clearly
Disdain—contempt; to look down upon; scorn
Enigma--mystery: something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained
Eccentric--a person with an unusual or odd personality; unconventional
Innovate--introduce: bring something new to an environment; be creative
Provincial—limited in one’s outlook; narrow-minded
Indifferent--marked by a lack of interest; showing no care or concern in attitude or action
Objective—unbiased; neutral
Relevant—important; pertinent
Inevitable--incapable of being avoided or prevented
diverse—varied
benevolent—kind; good-hearted; generous
pious—reverent or devout; outwardly (and sometimes falsely) reverent or devout
conciliatory—making peace; attempting to solve a dispute through goodwill
resignation—reluctant acceptance of a bad situation (secondary meaning)
resolute—determined; firm; unwavering
servile—submissive and subservient; like a servant
acute—sharp; shrewd
reticent—restrained; uncommunicative
1anarchy—absence of government or control; lawlessness; disorder
virulent—extremely poisonous; malignant; full of hatescrutinize to examine closelydiscord—disagreement (the opposite of concord)
repudiate—to reject; to deny
diligent—hardworking
superficial—on the surface only; shallow; not thorough
contempt—reproachful disdain
lucid—clear; easy to understand
aesthetic—having to do with artistic beauty; artistic
prodigal—extravagant; wasteful
1. augment—to increase
2. complacent—content; self-satisfied
3. guile—cunning; deceit
4. squander—to spend lavishly or wastefully
5. impartial—not favoring one or the other;
freedom from bias
6. incessant—never ceasing; constant
7. laudable—praise-worthy
8. deter—to frighten, hinder, or prevent from
9. redundant—superfluous; wordy; unnecessary to
meaning
10. resignation—act of giving up; calmly submissive
11. infamous—having a bad reputation; notorious
12. provocative—tending or designed to excite
13. depravity—corrupt state of moral character;
extreme wickedness
14. gravity—importance; seriousness
15. anarchy—absence of government
16. banal—commonplace; trivial
17. extol—to praise highly
18. euphony—agreeableness of sound; pleasing to
the ear
19. deride—to laugh; to mock
20. discord—disagreement; strife
21. insipid—tasteless; without flavor
22. austere—harsh; stern
23. expedite—to carry out promptly
24. heresy—an opinion or belief adopted in
opposition to that accepted or usual in the
community to which one belongs
25. repudiate—to disown; to refuse to recognize
Sept. 28/Oct. 1
Outside reading test--Jane Eyre or The Good Earth
Make sure you have read Chapters 5-8 of ASP.
Oct. 10
Background to Greek Drama
Oct. 11
Prologue and Parados of Antigone
Groupwork
Study for vocabulary quiz next block.
Oct. 12
Vocabulary Quiz
Prologue and Parados of Antigone
Groupwork
Oct. 15
Vocabulary Quiz
Scene 1, Ode 1
August 13/14
Glass Menagerie Test
In-class essay
August 15/16
Brave New World pre-test
August 17/20
Vocabulary Quiz
August 21/22
Brave New World post-test
Begin discussion of Cry,The Beloved Country.
August 23/24
Usage test
Discussion of Cry, the Beloved Country
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