Kickball is a playground game and also a competitive league game, similar to baseball, invented in the United States in about 1942.
American World War II correspondent Ernie Pyle reported it being played by U.S. soldiers during the North African campaign, 1942-1943.
Also referred to as "soccer baseball," it is typically played on a softball diamond with a 10- to 16-inch (250- to 400-mm) inflated rubber ball. The pitcher bowls the ball towards the catcher, and the "batter" kicks it with his foot. In some games, batters request a certain type of pitch-- rolling, bouncing slightly, or bouncing 1" to 2" off the ground. Once the ball is kicked, the batter's objective is to reach base. In addition to tagging a base to get a forced runner out, or getting a runner out by touching them with a held ball, fielders may throw the ball at a runner to get them out (though hitting a runner above the shoulders with a thrown ball is often either discouraged or illegal; the latter being the more common rule). Sometimes, in pickup-type games, a "pitcher's hand" rule may be used. When this rule is in effect, the batter may be out if the pitcher has the ball at the mound before the runner reaches base. If a player catches the ball but has a body part on the ground the runner is safe.
Since a good kicker will often connect with a rolling ball, strikes and strikeouts are infrequent. The ball is very large and soft in comparison to a baseball or softball, so fielding is different as well: catching fly balls can be easier, but throwing the ball can be harder. Thus, the dynamics and strategy considerations of kickball turn out somewhat differently from those of baseball, softball, or over-the-line. Some leagues do not allow the bunt, emphasizing more on kicking for power; the bunt is considered "cheap" by some, as the defense cannot field it very well. By analogy with baseball, a bunt is a very light kick that sends the ball only a few feet from the home plate. This allows the batter to run to first base safely, while the pitcher or another player gets the ball. Even if the ball hits a runner, the ball is still a live ball.
Other rules, often introduced at children's games where there are insufficient members of a given team, include the "ghost runner" rule, where a player on base can return to the plate leaving a "ghost runner" who advances one base for each base advanced by the kicker.
Kickball Rules
1. Kickball's will be provided on site.
2. A team consists of eight players. A minimum of six is needed to start and continue a game.
3. Games are 7 innings or 50 minutes. Kickball is played on a regulation softball field.
4. Everyone bats each inning. When the last batter of an inning puts the ball in play, the inning will end either when the batter has been put out, or when the defense is in possession of the ball while touching home plate. No tag is necessary at home plate.
5. The batter is out in situations similar to softball (force outs, pop outs, etc.). In addition, a runner is out when he/she is hit by a thrown ball below the waist.
6. The ball is put in play when the pitcher (a player on the defensive team) rolls the ball toward home plate and the batter attempts to kick the ball. The batter must wait for the ball to be within three feet of home plate before kicking the ball. If the batter does not like the pitch, he/she should not attempt to kick it, and another pitch will be thrown. There are no strikeouts or walks. A batter gets only one attempt at kicking the ball. A missed attempt or foul ball is an out.
7. A runner who leaves the base before the pitch reaches home plate or is hit, is out and the ball is dead. Leading off and stealing bases between pitches is not allowed.
8. In order to prevent injury and protect the defensive player attempting to make a play on a base runner, the base runner must be called out, if he/she remains on his/her feet, and deliberately, with great force crashes into a defensive player holding the ball, waiting to apply a tag. If the act is determined to be flagrant, the offender shall also be ejected.
9. Bunting will not be permitted and is a dead ball and an automatic out.
10. A line will be placed along the infield base path. The line will extend from the left infield foul line to the right infield foul line. ALL infielders will be required to remain behind this line until the ball is swung at by the batter. If the pitch is not swung at and the infielder is in front of the line, there is no penalty. If the ball is caught by an infielder who
was illegally across the line, the ball is dead. The batter is awarded first base and all runners are awarded one base whether they are forced to advance or not. If the ball is not caught, a delayed dead ball shall be called. If the batter reaches first base and all runners advance one base, the ball shall continue to be in play with runners being liable to be put out.
11. There are no umpires. Each batting team will provide a first and a third base coach. These first and third base coaches will be responsible for calling runners safe or out when a close play on the bases occurs; they will use an honor system to call plays fairly. The team in the field will not call close plays on the bases and abide by the decisions of the first and third base coaches.
12. No infield practice is allowed after the first inning.
13. Any player can play any position defensively.
14. REPORTINg SCORES: Report scores to the supervisors on duty.
VOLLEYBALL STUDY GUIDE
1. A regulation team consists of six players. The positions are: right back,(serve), center back, left back, left front, center front and right front.
2. A game consists of 21 points provided the winning team is ahead by at least two points.
3. A rally is when the two teams hit the ball back and forth to one another several times.
4. The game is scored using rally scoring. This means that a point is scored each time the ball is served.
5. The team rotates in a clockwise direction before serving. The serve is made from behind the back boundary line of the court. A server is allowed only on chance to get their serve over the net.
6. The server may not step on or over the boundary line until after the ball has been served. This is called a foot fault. If they do, the serve is no good and it becomes the other team’s serve.
7. It is illegal for a player to “help” a serve the net.
8. If the serve hits the ceiling or any part of the basketball goals near the back line, it is no good. If it hits the goal on the side the referee will determine if it will be reserved.
9. The ball that hits the net on the serve and goes over is considered to be good and should be played.
10. A team is allowed three hits to return the ball back over the net to their opponents. A player may not hit the ball two times in a row during a play.
11. A player may not touch the net when playing a ball.
12. A player may not steep over the centerline when playing a ball.
13. A ball that lands on a boundary line is considered to be in-bounds.
14. A player may go out of bounds to play a ball, provided the ball was hit out of bounds on either the fisrt or the second hit by a player on your team.
15. When the ball is going out of bounds on a hit by the opposing team, you have to let it hit the ground before you touch it or it will be a point for the other team.
16. A spike is a ball hit downward into your opponent’s court.
17. A player may not reach over the net to play a ball. However, they may follow-through over the net on a spike as long as they do not touch the net.
18. A player may not hold, catch, throw, or slap the ball.
19. There are two types of serves that can be: underhand (this is the serve used in class) and the overhand serve.
20. The basic offensive skills used in volleyball are the bump or forearm pass, fingertip set, spike and dink (a soft hit right over the net and just over the blocker).
10/29/07
We will be reviewing for the volleyball test on Monday 10/29/07 and we will take the test on Wednesday 10/31/07, so bring your handwritten copy of th Volley ball study guide. Remember picture day is Tuesday for pre-paid packages. We will not be dressing out this week. You may bring your uniforms and tennis shoes and store them in your lockers.
This is the basketball study guide. Please remember to turn in your hand written copy befor the test!!!
Basketball Study Guide
History
1. Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.
2. A peach basketball was first used as a hoop.
3. Basketball started in the Olympics in 1936.
4. Women’s basketball in the Olympics began in 1976. They won their first gold medal
in 1984 against Korea.
Terms Common to Basketball
1. Jump ball - when a official tosses the ball up between two players to start a game or
an overtime period
2. Backcourt - the half of the court in which a team plays defense
3. Defense - the team trying to keep its opponent from scoring
4. Dribble - successive bounces of the ball using only one hand
5. Front court - that half of the court in which a team plays offense
6. Lay up - a shot taken at very close range after a dribble or cut to the goal
7. Offense - the team in possession of the ball
8. Set shot - any shot taken from a stationary position
9. Game - a game is composed of four eight minute quarters
10. Overtime period - an extra period played when the game ends in a tie
11. Free throw - is awarded to a team as a result of a shooting foul or five team fouls
12. Violation - an infraction of the rules
13. Foul - making contact with another player
14. Throw in - after a basket is made, the ball is put into play by throwing the ball in
from behind the baseline
15. Fast break - after taking possession of the ball at the defensive end of the court, move
the ball down court and shoot before the defense has time to set up
16. Pass - when a player throws the ball to a teammate, can be chest, bounce or overhead
pass
17. Rebound - when a player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a
shot attempt
18. Three point shot - a field goal worth three points because the shooter was standing
behind the three-point line when she released the ball
19. Field goal - a basket scored on any shot other than a free throw, worth two or three
points depending on the distance of the attempt from the basket
20. Assist - a pass to a teammate that leads directly to a field goal
21. Blocking - the use of a defender’s body position to prevent an opponents advance
22. Charging - when an offensive player runs into a defender who has established
position, this is an offensive foul
23. Court - the area in on which a basketball game is played
24. Dead ball - any ball that is not live, occurs after each successful field goal or free
throw attempt, after the whistle is blown or if the ball leaves the court
25. Defensive rebound - a rebound by a player on defense
26. Double team - two teammates guarding a single opponent
27. Drive to the basket - to move rapidly toward the basket with the ball
28. Elbowing - throwing your elbow(s) during play in order to hit another player or push him
away; it is a foul if contact is made
29. Full court press - when defenders guard the offense in the backcourt
30. Guarding - following an opponent around the court to prevent him from getting the ball,
taking a shot or making a pass
31. Live ball - as soon as a ball is given to a free - thro shooter or a thrower on a throw in, it is
live
32. Man to man defense - the defensive style where each defensive player is responsible for
guarding one opponent
33. Offensive rebound - a rebound by a player on offense
34. Officials - the people on the court wearing black and white striped shirts who control the
game
35. Open - when a player is unguarded by a defender
36. Personal foul - contact (including a push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an
opponent) between players that may result in injury
37. Pivot - the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has stopped
dribbling is ready to pass or shoot
38. Possession - to be holding or in control of the ball
39. Screen - when an offensive player stands between a teammate and a defender to give his
teammate the chance to take an open shot
40. Shooter - a player who takes a shot at the basket
41. Squaring up - when a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a
shot
42. Technical fouls - misconduct that officials believe are detrimental to the game; penalized by
a free throw opportunity to the non-offending team
43. Traveling - when the ball handler takes too many steps without dribbling; also called
walking
44. Turnover - when the offense loses possession through its own fault by passing the ball out of
bounds or committing a floor violation
45. Zone defense - a defense where each defender is responsible for an area of the court and
must guard any player who enters that area
Rules of the game
1. The prime objective of the game is to score more points than one’s opponent by pushing,
throwing or tossing the ball through the goal.
2. The goal is 10 feet above the court.
3. Three most common violations:
A. Lane violation - an offensive player can only stay in his free throw lane 3 seconds before
he must move out of the lane
B. Double dribble - this violation occurs when a player dribbles, stops, and starts to dribble
again
C. Traveling - this happens when you are in control of the ball and take two or more steps
without dribbling the ball
4. The ball is moved among players of one team with the intent of scoring a basket and trying
to prevent the other team from scoring.
5. 5 people play for each team
- guards (smaller players to handle and pass the ball)
- forwards (down low players to score)
- center (middle player to control the middle)
6. Game is started with a jump ball.
7. After each goal the ball is put into play by the opposing team from the baseline behind the
basket at which the score was made.
8. 10 seconds to advance to ball to half court.
9. Once the ball is beyond half court it cannot cross the line again.
10. If a shooting foul is called the player is awarded 2 free throws.
11. If a foul on the floor is called the ball will be taken out of bounds.
12. Each free throw is worth 1 point.
13. Each basket is worth 2 points or 3 points behind the line.
14. A player has 5 seconds to throw the ball in from out of bounds.
15. You cannot kick the ball.
16. You cannot walk with the ball after you dribble.
17. Offensive players cannot stay in lane for more than 3 seconds.
18. You cannot dribble with 2 hands at the same time.
19. During free throws you cannot enter the lane until the ball is shot.
20. Court is divided into backcourt and frontcourt.
04/28 thru 05/02/08
We will play crazy kickball. this will give you a better appreciation for those students who are not athletically inclined. You should gain a better respect for those students who give it their best try but still manage to get out.
04/21-25/08
WE WILL HAVE OUR SOFTBALL TEST ON MONDAY, APRIL 21, 2008. YOUR STUDY GUIDES ARE DUE BEFORE THE TEST. WE WILL PLAY KICKBALL FOR THE REST OF THE WEEK. 25 DAYS LEFT!!!
04/07-11/08
THIS WEEK WE WILL PLAY CRAZY SOFTBALL AND PAIR SOFTBALL. YOU NEED TO FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE SOFTBALL STUDY GUIDE.
3/31-4/4/08
THIS WEEK WE WILL PLAY SOFTBALL.
03/10-14/08
THIS WEEK IS LEAP/iLEAP
WE WILL MEET IN THE GYM IF THE WEATHER IS NOT GOOD AND OUTSIDE ON THE SOFTBALL FIELD IF THE WEATHER IS GOOD. WE WILL BE PLAYING SOFTBALL THIS WEEK, WITH PLASTIC BATS AND FOAM BALLS. THIS IS FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE NEVER PLAYED SOFTBALL BEFORE. YOU WILL HAVE A CHANCE AT BATTING AND CATCHING, BEFORE WE START WITH REAL SOFTBALLS AND REAL BATS. YOU WILL BE ABLE TO BRING YOUR OWN GLOVES FROM HOME, HOWEVER, I WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOST OR STOLEN ITEMS. ****************************************************************************************************************************************
YOU NEED TO BRING YOUR P. E. UNIFORMS AND A PAIR OF COMFORTABLE TENNIS SHOES!!!
Softball History
The first version of softball was invented in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, 1887 by George Hancock, a pit reporter for the Chicago Board of Trade, as a winter version of baseball. It was intended to be a way for baseball players to keep in practice during the winter. At the time, the sport was called "Indoor Baseball". The first women's softball team was formed in 1895 at Chicago's West Division High School. They did not obtain a coach for competitive play until 1899 and it was difficult to create interest among fans. However, only five years later, more attention was given to the women's game.
Yale and Harvard alumni had gathered at the Farragut Boat Club in Chicago to hear the score of the annual football game. When the score was announced and bets were paid, one person threw a boxing glove at another. The other person grabbed a stick and swung at it. Hancock called "Play ball!" and the game began. Hancock took a boxing glove and tied it into a ball. A broom handle was used as a bat. The ball, being soft, was fielded barehanded rather than with gloves like those that had been introduced to baseball in 1882. He chalked out a diamond on the floor with smaller dimensions than those of a baseball field did in order to fit the gym.
Hancock developed a ball and an undersized bat in the next week. The Farragut Club soon set rules for the game, which spread quickly to outsiders. The game, under the name of "Indoor-Outdoor", was moved outside next year, and the first rules were published in 1889.
In 1895 Lewis Rober, Sr. of Minneapolis organized outdoor games as exercise for firefighters; this game was known as kitten ball (after the first team to play it), pumpkin ball, or diamond ball. Rober's version of the game used a twelve-inch (305 mm) ball rather than the sixteen-inch (406 mm) ball used by the Farragut club, and eventually the Minneapolis ball prevailed, although the dimensions of the Minneapolis diamond were passed over in favour of the dimensions of the Chicago one. Rober may not have been familiar with the Farragut Club rules. The first softball league outside the United States was organized in Toronto in 1897.
The name softball dates from 1926 (in addition to indoor baseball, kitten ball, and diamond ball, names for the game included mush ball, and pumpkin ball). The name softball didn't come about until 1926 when Walter Hakanson, a Denver YMCA official and a former ASA president and commissioner, suggested it to the International Joint Rules Committee.
By the 1930s, similar sports with different rules and names, were being played all over the United States and Canada. The formation of the Joint Rules Committee on Softball in 1934 standardized the rules and naming throughout the United States.
Softball Rules
• There are 9 players on a softball team.
• The playing field is divided into the infield and outfield
• The lines between the bases are 60’ apart and when joined they form a “diamond”, inside the baseline is known as the infield
• Outside the baseline but inside the playing field is called the outfield.
• Any ball going outside the 1st or 3rd base line is a foul ball ( runners can not advance and the batter gets another try unless the ball was caught in the air, which translates to an out)
• An official game is 7 innings (a inning is when both teams have had their turn to bat)
PITCHING
• The pitcher must have both feet on the pitcher’s rubber and can only take one step forward while pitching.
• The ball must be thrown underhand.
• Both hands must be on the ball at the start of the pitch.
BATTING
• Batters must follow the same order throughout the whole game
• The batter is out if and when:
a) three strikes have been called
b) a fly ball is caught
c) the batter does not stand in the batter’s box
BASE RUNNING
• Runners must touch each base in order
• Runners may overrun 1st base only, all other bases the runner may be tagged and called out if they are off the base.
• Runners can not lead off a base, they must be on base until the ball as left the pitcher’s hand
• After a fly ball has been caught the base runner must tag the occupied base before advancing to the next base
• One base runner can not pass another base runner that is ahead of them.
• Stealing a base is not permitted
• A runner is out if:
a. they are tagged with the ball before reaching a base
b. the ball gets to 1st base before the runner
c. they run more than 3 feet out of the base line to avoid being tagged
TERMS:
• Ball- a legally pitched ball that does not enter the strike zone (four balls equals a walk)
• Grounder- A ball that is hit on the ground
• Force out- when the runner has to advance to the next base to make room for the following base runner.
• Fly ball- ball hit up in the air to the infield
• On deck- the next batter
• Pop up- ball hit up in the air to the infield
• Strike- term used when a ball is swung at and missed or is called when the ball enters the strike zone and is not swung at all.
• Strike zone- the ball passes the batter over the plate between their chest and knees
http://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-softball.htm
http://westlake.k12.oh.us/hilliard/whspe/softball/softball_rules.htm
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