10/23/09 WE WILL BE DRESSING OUT AND GOING OUTSIDE FOR PE. PLEASE REMEMBER TO BRING YOUR PE UNIFORMS. YOU ARE ALSO ALLOWED TO BRING NAVY BLUE OR GRAY SWEAT PANTS FOR PE. THEY MAY NOT HAVE ANY WRITING ON THE PANTS. REMEMBER NO HOODED JACKETS OR COATS WILL BE ALLOWED DURING SCHOOL.
PLEASE BRING YOUR UNIFORMS!! WE WILL BE DRESSING OUT EVERY DAY YOU COME TO P.E. IF YOU ARE HAVING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES PAYING FOR YOUR P. E. UNIFORM YOU CAN GET ON A PAYMENT PLAN. YOU BRING IN $5.00, YOU WILL RECIEVE A LOANER UNIFORM. THAT IS YOUR UNIFORM UNTIL YOU HAVE PAYED OFF YOUR $25.00. YOU MUST BRING 1-2 DOLLARS EVERY WEEK YOU COME TO P. E. ONCE YOU HAVE MET YOUR 25.00 OBLIGATION THE LOANER WILL BE TRADED FOR A NEW UNIFORM. NO EARRINGS WILL BE ALLOWED, REGARDLESS IF YOU HAVE JUST RECENTLY GOTTEN YOUR EARS PIERCED. PLEASE BUY THE PLASTIC STRAWS TO GO IN YOUR EARS NO EXCEPTIONS!!!!!!!!! REFUSAL TO RUN YOUR 4 LAPS FOR THE DAY WILL RESULT IN A LOSS OF POINTS AND A WILLFUL DISOBEDIENCE WRITE-UP. IF YOU FORGET YOUR UNIFORM AT HOME YOU WILL HAVE TO RUN 6 LAPS. IF YOU LEAVE 1 PIECE OF YOUR UNIFORM, YOU WILL RUN 5 LAPS!!!!
VOLLEYBALL STUDY GUIDE
1. A regulation team consists of six players. The positions are: right back,(serve), center back, left back, left front, center front and right front.
2. A game consists of 25 points provided the winning team is ahead by at least two points.
3. A rally is when the two teams hit the ball back and forth to one another several times.
4. The game is scored using rally scoring. This means that a point is scored each time the ball is served.
5. The team rotates in a clockwise direction before serving. The serve is made from behind the back boundary line of the court. A server is allowed only on chance to get their serve over the net.
6. The server may not step on or over the boundary line until after the ball has been served. This is called a foot fault. If they do, the serve is no good and it becomes the other team’s serve.
7. It is illegal for a player to “help” a serve the net.
8. If the serve hits the ceiling or any part of the basketball goals near the back line, it is no good. If it hits the goal on the side the referee will determine if it will be reserved.
9. The ball that hits the net on the serve and goes over is considered to be good and should be played.
10. A team is allowed three hits to return the ball back over the net to their opponents. A player may not hit the ball two times in a row during a play.
11. A player may not touch the net when playing a ball.
12. A player may not steep over the centerline when playing a ball.
13. A ball that lands on a boundary line is considered to be in-bounds.
14. A player may go out of bounds to play a ball, provided the ball was hit out of bounds on either the fisrt or the second hit by a player on your team.
15. When the ball is going out of bounds on a hit by the opposing team, you have to let it hit the ground before you touch it or it will be a point for the other team.
16. A spike is a ball hit downward into your opponent’s court.
17. A player may not reach over the net to play a ball. However, they may follow-through over the net on a spike as long as they do not touch the net.
18. A player may not hold, catch, throw, or slap the ball.
19. There are two types of serves that can be: underhand (this is the serve used in class) and the overhand serve.
20. The basic offensive skills used in volleyball are the bump or forearm pass, fingertip set, spike and dink (a soft hit right over the net and just over the blocker).
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Basketball Study Guide
History
1. Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.
2. A peach basketball was first used as a hoop.
3. Basketball started in the Olympics in 1936.
4. Women’s basketball in the Olympics began in 1976. They won their first gold medal
in 1984 against Korea.
Terms Common to Basketball
1. Jump ball - when a official tosses the ball up between two players to start a game or
an overtime period
2. Backcourt - the half of the court in which a team plays defense
3. Defense - the team trying to keep its opponent from scoring
4. Dribble - successive bounces of the ball using only one hand
5. Front court - that half of the court in which a team plays offense
6. Lay up - a shot taken at very close range after a dribble or cut to the goal
7. Offense - the team in possession of the ball
8. Set shot - any shot taken from a stationary position
9. Game - a game is composed of four eight minute quarters
10. Overtime period - an extra period played when the game ends in a tie
11. Free throw - is awarded to a team as a result of a shooting foul or five team fouls
12. Violation - an infraction of the rules
13. Foul - making contact with another player
14. Throw in - after a basket is made, the ball is put into play by throwing the ball in
from behind the baseline
15. Fast break - after taking possession of the ball at the defensive end of the court, move
the ball down court and shoot before the defense has time to set up
16. Pass - when a player throws the ball to a teammate, can be chest, bounce or overhead
pass
17. Rebound - when a player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a
shot attempt
18. Three point shot - a field goal worth three points because the shooter was standing
behind the three-point line when she released the ball
19. Field goal - a basket scored on any shot other than a free throw, worth two or three
points depending on the distance of the attempt from the basket
20. Assist - a pass to a teammate that leads directly to a field goal
21. Blocking - the use of a defender’s body position to prevent an opponents advance
22. Charging - when an offensive player runs into a defender who has established
position, this is an offensive foul
23. Court - the area in on which a basketball game is played
24. Dead ball - any ball that is not live, occurs after each successful field goal or free
throw attempt, after the whistle is blown or if the ball leaves the court
25. Defensive rebound - a rebound by a player on defense
26. Double team - two teammates guarding a single opponent
27. Drive to the basket - to move rapidly toward the basket with the ball
28. Elbowing - throwing your elbow(s) during play in order to hit another player or push him
away; it is a foul if contact is made
29. Full court press - when defenders guard the offense in the backcourt
30. Guarding - following an opponent around the court to prevent him from getting the ball,
taking a shot or making a pass
31. Live ball - as soon as a ball is given to a free - thro shooter or a thrower on a throw in, it is
live
32. Man to man defense - the defensive style where each defensive player is responsible for
guarding one opponent
33. Offensive rebound - a rebound by a player on offense
34. Officials - the people on the court wearing black and white striped shirts who control the
game
35. Open - when a player is unguarded by a defender
36. Personal foul - contact (including a push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an
opponent) between players that may result in injury
37. Pivot - the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has stopped
dribbling is ready to pass or shoot
38. Possession - to be holding or in control of the ball
39. Screen - when an offensive player stands between a teammate and a defender to give his
teammate the chance to take an open shot
40. Shooter - a player who takes a shot at the basket
41. Squaring up - when a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a
shot
42. Technical fouls - misconduct that officials believe are detrimental to the game; penalized by
a free throw opportunity to the non-offending team
43. Traveling - when the ball handler takes too many steps without dribbling; also called
walking
44. Turnover - when the offense loses possession through its own fault by passing the ball out of
bounds or committing a floor violation
45. Zone defense - a defense where each defender is responsible for an area of the court and
must guard any player who enters that area
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SOFTBALL STUDY GUIDE
Softball History
SOFTBALL STUDY GUIDE
Softball originated in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, 1887. A group of about twenty young men had gathered in the gymnasium of the Farragut Boat Club in order to hear the outcome of the Harvard-Yale football game. After Yale’s victory was announced and bets were paid off, a man picked up a stray boxing glove and threw it at someone, who hit it with a pole.
George Hancock, usually considered the inventor of softball shouted, Let’s Play Ball!” He tied the boxing glove so that it resembled a ball, chalked out a diamond on the floor (smaller dimensions than those of a baseball field in order to fit the gym) and broke off a broom handle to serve as a bat. What proceeded was an odd, smaller version of baseball. That game is now, 111 years later, known as the first softball game. Softball may have seen its death on the day of its birth if Hancock had not been so fascinated by it. In one week, he created an oversized ball and an undersized rubber-tipped bat and went back to the gym to paint permanent white foul lines on the floor. After he wrote new rules and named the sport indoor baseball, a more organized, yet still new game was played. Its popularity was immediate.
In the spring of 1888, Hancock’s game moved outdoors. It was played on a small diamond and called indoor-outdoor. Due to the sport’s mass appeal, Hancock published his first set of indoor-outdoor rules in 1889.
In 1895 Lewis Rober, Sr., (a fire department officer) needed an activity to keep his men occupied and in shape during their free time. He created his game to fit the confines of a vacant lot next to the firehouse and the result was instantly appealing. Surprisingly, Rober was probably not familiar with Hancock’s version of the sport because it was still concentrated in Chicago at that time. The following year, 1896, Rober was moved to a new unit with a new team to manage. In honor of this group’s name, the Kittens, the game was termed Kitten League Ball in 1900. The name was later shortened to kitten ball.
In order to reach the Olympics, the women’s sport of softball obviously had to grow greatly from its beginnings. The first women’s softball team was formed in 1899 and it was difficult to create interest among fans. However, only five years later, more attention was given to the women’s game. The Spalding Indoor Baseball Guide 1904 issue fueled this attention by devoting a large section of the guide to the game of women’s softball.
The Chicago National Tournament in 1933 also advanced the sport. At this competition, the male and female champions were honored equally. The International Softball World Championships in 1965 developed women’s softball by making it an international game, a step towards the Pan-American Games and the Olympics. Eleven years later, women softball players were given the closest equivalent to major League Baseball with the 1976 formation of the International Women’s Professional Softball League. Player contracts ranged form 1,000 dollars to 3,000 dollars per year, but the league disbanded in 1980 because of financial ruin. Vicki Schneider, a St Louis softball hall of Famer and former professional player, recalls this league as being the high point of her career (Schneider).
Flag Football Study Guide
TERMINOLOGY:
1. CENTERING: THE ACT OF PUTTING THE BALL IN PLAY OTHER THAN BY A KICK-OFF
2. DOWN: A UNIT OF THE GAME WHICH STARTS WITH THE CENTERING OF THE BALL AND ENDS WHEN THE BALL IS DEAD.
3. FUMBLE: FAILURE OF A PLAYER TO RETAIN POSSESSION OF THE BALL WHILE RUNNING OR WHILE ATTEMPTING TO RECEIVE THE BALL FROM THE CENTER, A HAND-OFF, OR BY A PASS
4. HAND-OFF: HANDING THE BALL TO A BACKFIELD PLAYER
5. HUDDLE: WHEN THE TEAMS GET TOGETHER TO TALK OVER PLAYS BETWEEN DOWNS
6. FIRST DOWN: IS AWARDED WHEN THE TEAM MOVES THE BALL FROM ONE ZONE TO THE OTHER IN FOUR DOWNS OR LESS
7. ZONE: AN AREA WHICH IS 25 YARDS; A FIELD HAS FOUR ZONES
8. LINE OF SCRIMMAGE: POINT FROM WHICH PLAY BEGINS
9. LINEMEN: THE PERSON WHO PLAYS ON THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE (CENTER, GUARDS,TACKLES AND ENDS)
10. CENTER: THE PERSON WHO SNAPS OR HIKES THE BALL
11. QUARTERBACK: PERSON WHO RECEIVES THE BALL FROM THE CENTER
12. OFFSIDES: CROSSING THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE BEFORE THE SNAP
13. DEAD BALL: A BALL WHICH IS NOT IN PLAY; USUALLY ON A N INCOMPLETE PASS, FUMBLE, OR DROPPED KICK
14. INTERCEPTION: A DEFENSIVE PLAYER CATCHING A PASS
15. BLOCKING: THE ACT OF PREVENTING A DEFENSIVE PLAYER FROM MAKING A TAG OR PREVENTING AN OFFENSIVEE PLAYER FROM ESCAPING
16. TOUCHDOWN: THE ACT OF MOVING THE BALL ACROSS THE OPPONENT'S GOAL LINE IN A LEGAL MANNER
17. OFFENSE: THE TEAM WHICH HAS POSSESSION OF THE BALL AND IS TRYING TO SCORE
a. POSITIONS: CENTER, GUARD, TACKLE, END, QUARTERBACK, HALFBACK AND FULLBACK
18. DEFENSE: THE TEAM WHICH DOES NOT HAVE THE BALL AND IS TRYING TO STOP THE OTHER TEAM FROM SCORING
a. POSITIONS: NOSETACKLE, TACKLE, DEFENSIVE END,LINEBACKER, AND SAFETY
19. PASS INTERFERENCE: ILLEGALLY HINDERING ANOTHER PLAYER'S CHANCES OF CATCHING A FORWARD PASS
20. FLAG GUARDING: HOLDING THE FLAG SO NO ONE CAN GRAB IT
21. ROUGHING: PUSHING OR HITTING ANOTHER PLAYER
22. ILLEGAL CONTACT: HOLDING OR BLOCKING
23. HOLDING: PULLING, GRABBING OR HUGGING ANOTHER PLAYER
24. ILLEGAL FLAG PULL: PULLING ANOTHER PLAYER'S FLAG WHEN THEY DON'T HAVE THE BALL
25. ILLEGAL MOTION: MORE THAN ONE PERSON MOVING ON THE OFFENSE AT THE SAME TIME
26. SAFETY: WHEN THE OFFENSIVE TEAM IS DOWNED IN THEIR OWN END ZONE
27. FOUL: WHEN YOU BREAK ANY OF THE RULES AND IT RESULTS IN A LOSS OF YARDAGE AND/OR DOWN
SCORING:
A TOUCHDOWN IS MADE WHEN A RUNNER CARRIES THE BALL ACROSS THE GOAL LINE OR A PASS IS COMPLETED IN THE END ZONE. IT SCORES SIX POINTS. A SAFETY SCORES TWO POINS.
FOULS AND PENALTIES:
ALL PENALTIES WILL BE CALLED BY THE REFEREE.
DEFENSE: ALL DEFENSIVE PENALTIES RESULT IN AN AUTOMATIC FISRT DOWN.
1. OFFSIDES: 5 YARDS
2. INTERFERENCE: COMPLETED PASS AT SPOT OF THE FOUL
3. ILLEGAL CONTACT: (HOLDING, BLOCKING,ETC) 10 YARDS
4. ILLEGAL FLAG PULL (BEFORE RECEIVER HAS BALL) 10 YARDS
5. ILLEGAL RUSHING: (STARTS RUSH FROM INSIDE 7-YARD MARKER) 10 YARDS
OFFENSE: ALL OFFENSIVE PENALTIES RESULT IN A LOSS OF A DOWN
1. ILLEGAL MOTION: 5 YARDS
2. ILLEGAL PASS (PASS RECEIVED BEHIND THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE) 5 YARDS
3. OFFENSIVE PASS INTERFERENCE: (ILLEGAL PICK PLAY, PUSHING OFF/AWAY DEFENDER) 10 YARDS
4. FLAG GUARDING: 10 YARS (FROM LINE OF SCRIMMAGE)
5. DELAY OF GAME: CLOCK STOPS, 10 YARDS
* REFEREES DETERMINE INCIDENTAL CONTACT THAT MAY RESULT FROM NORMAN RUN OF PLAY. ALL PENALTIES WILL BE ASSESSED FROM THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE.
* TEAM CAPTAIN MAY ASK THE REFEREE QUESTIONS ABOUT RULE CLARIFICATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS.
* PLAYERS CANNOT QUESTION JUDGEMENT CALLS
* GAMES CANNOT END WITH A DEFENSIVE PENALTY, UNLESS THE OFFENSE DECLINES IT
NOTE: THERE ARE NO KICKOFFS AND NO BLOCKING IS ALLOWED
Rules
* A coin toss determines first possession.
* The offensive team takes possession of the ball at its 5-yard line and has (3) plays to cross midfield. Once a team crosses midfield, it has (3) plays to score a touchdown.
* If the offensive team fails to cross midfield, possession of the ball changes and the opposition starts from its 5-yard line.
* All possession changes, except interceptions, start on the offense's 5-yard line.
* Teams change sides after the first 20 minutes. Possession does not change and the clock does not stop.
PLAYERS:
* TEAMS MUST FIELD A MINIMUM OF 5 PLAYERS AT A TIME. TEAMS HAVE 10 PLAYERS (5 ON FILED WITH 5 SUBS)
Scoring:
Touchdown: 6 points.
Extra point: 1 point. (played from midpoint of 5-yard line only)
Extra point: 2 points (played from midpoint of 12-yard line only)
Safety: 2 points.
RUNNING:
* The quarterback cannot run
* ONLY HAND-OFFS BEHIND THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE ARE PERMITTED. OFFENSE MAY USE MULTIPLE HAND-OFFS.
* ABSOLUTELY NO LATERAL PITCHES OF ANY KIND
* "No-running zones," are located 5 yards from each end zone and 5 yards of either side of midfield
* The player who takes the handoff, can throw the ball from behind the line of scrimmage.
* All defensive players are eligible to rush once the ball has been handed off
* Spinning is allowed, but the cannot leave their feet (no diving)
* The ball is spotted where the ball carrier's feet are placed when the flag is pulled, NOT where the ball is.
Receiving:
* All players are eligible to receive passes
* Only one player may be in motion, at a time
* A player must have at least one foot inbounds when making a reception.
PASSING:
* ALL PASSES MUST BE FORWARD AND RECEIVED BEYOND THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE
* THE QUARTERBACK HAS A 7 SECOND "PASS CLOCK" IF PASS IS NOT THROWN, PLAY IS DEAD
* INTERCEPTIONS CHANGE THE POSSESSION OF THE BALL AT THE POINT OF INTERCEPTION. INTERCEPTIONS ARE THE ONLY CHANGES OF POSSESSIONS THAT DO NOT START ON THE 5-YARD LINE
Dead Balls:
* THE BALLSS MUST BE SNAPPED BETWEEN THE LEGS
* SUBSTITUTIONS MAY BE MADE ON ANY DEAD BALL.
* Play is ruled "dead" when:
* Ball carrier's flag is pulled
* Ball carrier steps out
* Ball carrier's knee hits the ground
* Ball carrier's flag falls out
* At the point of interception
* Touchdown or safety is scored
Rushing the Quarterback:
All players who rush the quarterback must be a minimum of seven yards from the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped. Any number of players can rush the quarterback. Players not rushing the quarterback may defend on the line of scrimmage. Once the ball is handed off or tossed, or there is a play action fake or fake handoff, the seven-yard rule no longer is in effect.
REMEMBER, BLOCKING AND TACKLING ARE NOT ALLOWED.
Sportsmanship/ Roughing:
If the referee witnesses any acts of flagrant contact, tackling, elbowing, cheap shots, blocking, or any unsportsmanlike act, the game will be stopped and the player will be ejected.
FOUL PLAY WILL NOT BE TOLERATED.
Trash talking is not allowed. If trash talking occurs, the referee will give one warning. If it continues, the player or players will be ejected.
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Kickball Study Guide
Kickball is a playground game and also a competitive league game, similar to baseball, invented in the United States in about 1942.
American World War II correspondent Ernie Pyle reported it being played by U.S. soldiers during the North African campaign, 1942-1943.
Also referred to as "soccer baseball," it is typically played on a softball diamond with a 10- to 16-inch (250- to 400-mm) inflated rubber ball. The pitcher bowls the ball towards the catcher, and the "batter" kicks it with his foot. In some games, batters request a certain type of pitch-- rolling, bouncing slightly, or bouncing 1" to 2" off the ground. Once the ball is kicked, the batter's objective is to reach base. In addition to tagging a base to get a forced runner out, or getting a runner out by touching them with a held ball, fielders may throw the ball at a runner to get them out (though hitting a runner above the shoulders with a thrown ball is often either discouraged or illegal; the latter being the more common rule). Sometimes, in pickup-type games, a "pitcher's hand" rule may be used. When this rule is in effect, the batter may be out if the pitcher has the ball at the mound before the runner reaches base. If a player catches the ball but has a body part on the ground the runner is safe.
Since a good kicker will often connect with a rolling ball, strikes and strikeouts are infrequent. The ball is very large and soft in comparison to a baseball or softball, so fielding is different as well: catching fly balls can be easier, but throwing the ball can be harder. Thus, the dynamics and strategy considerations of kickball turn out somewhat differently from those of baseball, softball, or over-the-line. Some leagues do not allow the bunt, emphasizing more on kicking for power; the bunt is considered "cheap" by some, as the defense cannot field it very well. By analogy with baseball, a bunt is a very light kick that sends the ball only a few feet from the home plate. This allows the batter to run to first base safely, while the pitcher or another player gets the ball. Even if the ball hits a runner, the ball is still a live ball.
Other rules, often introduced at children's games where there are insufficient members of a given team, include the "ghost runner" rule, where a player on base can return to the plate leaving a "ghost runner" who advances one base for each base advanced by the kicker.
Kickball Rules
1. Kickball's will be provided on site.
2. A team consists of eight players. A minimum of six is needed to start and continue a game.
3. Games are 7 innings or 50 minutes. Kickball is played on a regulation softball field.
4. Everyone bats each inning. When the last batter of an inning puts the ball in play, the inning will end either when the batter has been put out, or when the defense is in possession of the ball while touching home plate. No tag is necessary at home plate.
5. The batter is out in situations similar to softball (force outs, pop outs, etc.). In addition, a runner is out when he/she is hit by a thrown ball below the waist.
6. The ball is put in play when the pitcher (a player on the defensive team) rolls the ball toward home plate and the batter attempts to kick the ball. The batter must wait for the ball to be within three feet of home plate before kicking the ball. If the batter does not like the pitch, he/she should not attempt to kick it, and another pitch will be thrown. There are no strikeouts or walks. A batter gets only one attempt at kicking the ball. A missed attempt or foul ball is an out.
7. A runner who leaves the base before the pitch reaches home plate or is hit, is out and the ball is dead. Leading off and stealing bases between pitches is not allowed.
8. In order to prevent injury and protect the defensive player attempting to make a play on a base runner, the base runner must be called out, if he/she remains on his/her feet, and deliberately, with great force crashes into a defensive player holding the ball, waiting to apply a tag. If the act is determined to be flagrant, the offender shall also be ejected.
9. Bunting will not be permitted and is a dead ball and an automatic out.
10. A line will be placed along the infield base path. The line will extend from the left infield foul line to the right infield foul line. ALL infielders will be required to remain behind this line until the ball is swung at by the batter. If the pitch is not swung at and the infielder is in front of the line, there is no penalty. If the ball is caught by an infielder who
was illegally across the line, the ball is dead. The batter is awarded first base and all runners are awarded one base whether they are forced to advance or not. If the ball is not caught, a delayed dead ball shall be called. If the batter reaches first base and all runners advance one base, the ball shall continue to be in play with runners being liable to be put out.
11. There are no umpires. Each batting team will provide a first and a third base coach. These first and third base coaches will be responsible for calling runners safe or out when a close play on the bases occurs; they will use an honor system to call plays fairly. The team in the field will not call close plays on the bases and abide by the decisions of the first and third base coaches.
12. No infield practice is allowed after the first inning.
13. Any player can play any position defensively.
14. REPORTINg SCORES: Report scores to the supervisors on duty.
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