Math Vocabulary
Beverly Keane
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Lynx Team Social Studies  POSTED: 8/23/2015   Comments(0)
 

Math Vocabulary

GEOMETRY

Area Formulas

Parallelograms

     A= b x h

Triangles

    A= b x h / 2

Circles

    A = pi  x r x r

Polygons

area

area = base multiplied by the height

area = base multiplied by the height divided by 2  or half of the base multiplied by the height

area = pi(3.14) multiplied by the radius multiplied by the radius again.

the number of square units needed to cover a given surface (inside space)

perimeter       

parallelogram

 the distance around the outside of an object

 a quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides

rectangle

a parallelogram with four right angles

triangle

a 3-sided polygon


Circles

center

the point inside a circle that is the same distance from all points on the circle

chord

a line segment with both endpoints on the circle

circle

the set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a given point called the center

circumference

the distance around a circle

diameter

a line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has endpoints on the circle, or the length of that segment

pi (n)

the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the length of its diameter; π ≈ 3.14 or

radius

a line segment with one endpoint at the center of a circle and the other endpoint on the circle, or the length of that segment


Angles and Triangles

acute angle

measures less than 90°

acute triangle

a triangle with only acute angles

angle

two rays meet at an endpoint

complementary angle

two angles whose measures have a sum of 90°

equilateral triangle

a triangle whose all sides are equal

isosceles triangle

a triangle with at least two congruent sides

obtuse angle

measures more than 90°

obtuse triangle

a triangle with one obtuse angle

right angle

measures exactly 90°

right triangle

a triangle with one right angle

scalene triangle

a triangle with no congruent sides

straight angle

measures exactly 180°

supplementary angle

two angles whose measures have a sum of 180°

 

 
 Integer Vocabulary

Integer- all of the positive whole numbers, negative whole numbers and Zero

Positive Number - numbers greater than Zero
                       - to the right of zero on the number line on the x axis
                        - above zero on the number line on the y axis
                        -  may use the sign or not

Negative Number- numbers less than Zero
                         - to the left of zero on the number line on the x axis
                          - below zero on the number line on the y axis
                          -  MUST use the - sign

Opposites - numbers that are equally distant from zero; 
                       such as 4 and -4

Absolute Value - how far a number lies away from Zero on a number line
                       - shown as   /n/  or /-n/
                        - answer is always positive

 
 EOG Terms

trace - list in steps

analyze - break apart

infer - read between the lines

evaluate - to solve (math)
                - to judge (reading)

evaluate - to solve (math)

formulate - create

describe - tell all about

support - back up with details

explain - tell how

summarize - give the short version

compare  - all the ways they are alike

contrast - all the ways they are different

predict - what will happen next

 
 

 
 

Composite Number - number with 3 or more factors

Factor - a number found in a multiplication problem

Multiple - the product of any number and another whole number;  basic multiplicaiton facts

Prime Factorization - when a number is shown as a multiplication problem using only prime numbers

Prime Number - a number that has exactly 2 factors; 1 and itself

Product - the answer to a multiplication problem

Neither - the numbers 0 and 1

Numbers under 20 that are Prime - 2  3  5  7  11 13  17  19

 
 Mathematical Properties

Associative Property - grouping of numbers does not change the sum or product-moving the parentheses has no effect on the answer

Commutative Property - the position of numbers does not change the sum or product changing the order of numbers has no effect on the answer

Addition Identity  - any number plus zero equals the same number

Multiplication Identity - any number mulitplied by 1 equals the same number

Distributive Property - Multiply the number on the outside of ( ) by each number on the inside of the ( ), then add the products --- "share the love"

Property of Zero - any number multiplied by zero equals zero

Inverse Operations - opposite mathematical operations  and -  or x and /

Symmetric Property of Equality - both sides of an equation must equal the same value - "whatever you do to one side of an equation, you must do to the other"

Extension of Place Value -  using the basic facts and annexing zeros
                       2 x 6 = 12     200 x 6 = 1200

Reciprocal -  any number multiplied times its reciprocal will equal 1
                       3 x 1/3 = 1     3 and 1/3 are reciprocals

 
 Algebra Vocabulary

Constant - a number that does not change

Variable - a letter or symbol that represents a "mystery" number

Solution - the answer to a problem

Evaluate - to solve for the answer

Inverse Operations - mathematical operations that "undo" each other
                    and  -         x and  /

Algebraic Expression - contains a constant, operation, and a variable

Algebraic Equation - contains a constant, operation, variable, and an equal sign

 

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